ABSTRACT Research on the genetics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of Fabry disease (FD) has increased significantly in recent years. However, some relevant clinical questions still need to be answered to develop better approaches to patient management. This review focuses on answering specific questions raised by Brazilian experts based on their experience in diagnosing and managing patients with FD. The questions are as follows: What is the role of globotriaosylsphingosine in diagnosis? How does one proceed with the diagnosis if there is a variant of unknown significance? What are the earliest and most reliable markers of renal, cardiac, and neurological impairment? What is the prevalence of FD in patients with cryptogenic stroke? What is the average delay in diagnosis in patients with FD? Based on these questions, our objective was to highlight epidemiological, diagnostic, and clinical aspects relating to the literature in the FD field.

RESUMO: Uma pesquisa de agentes enteropatogênicos em gatos domésticos de um abrigo foi realizado como etapa da investigação das causas de diarreias crônicas intermitentes. Amostras fecais individuais de 39 gatos, com livre acesso ao ambiente externo, foram obtidas para pesquisa de helmintos através do exame parasitológico, investigação de parvovírus e coronavírus e de Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. e Tritrichomonas foetus através de PCR em tempo real. Dos gatos avaliados, 30 (76,9%) foram positivos para algum ou mais de um destes agentes entéricos. Desses, 11 (28,2%) apresentaram co-infecções parasitárias. Ovos de helmintos foram observados em 48,7% dos gatos (19/30), 16 felinos (41%) foram positivos para parvovírus ou coronavírus e 25,6% (10/30) estavam infectados por protozoários. Dos positivos para protozoários, cinco apresentaram Tritrichomonas foetus (12,82%), um organismo pouco relatado no Brasil, sendo este o primeiro relato de detecção deste protozoário através de PCR em fezes de gatos no Sul do Brasil e o segundo no país. A diarreia crônica em gatos pode ser multifatorial em animais de abrigo onde a densidade populacional é elevada e os meios de controle parasitário e viral são deficitários, além das condições de higiene precárias. Os fatores associados à proliferação de doenças infecciosas em abrigos promovem o surgimento de infecções por novos patógenos como o Tritrichomonas foetus, até então pouco relatado no Brasil.

ABSTRACT: This study carried out a survey about enteropathogenic agents in domestic cats’ shelter as a stage of investigation for the intermittent chronic diarrhea. Individual fecal samples from 39 cats with free access to the external environment were submitted to parasitological examination, parvovirus, and coronavirus by PCR, and Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and Tritrichomonas foetus by real-time PCR. From the cats evaluated, 30 (76.9%) were positive for one or more enteric agents, and coinfections were observed in 11 cats samples (28.2%). Helminth eggs were observed in 48.7% of cats (19/30), 16 (41%) were positive for parvovirus or coronavirus and 25.6% (10/30) were infected by protozoa. From the positives for protozoa, five cats were positive to T. foetus (12.82%). The first finding of this protozoan through PCR was in the southern Brazil, and the second was in the whole country. Chronic diarrhea in cats may be multifactorial in shelter animals where the population density is high and the control of parasitic, and viral infections are deficient. Moreover, it is due to poor hygiene conditions in these shelters. The factors associated with the proliferation of infectious diseases in shelters are correlated with new pathogens infections such as T. foetus.

A series of four water-soluble benzazole dyes that emit fluorescence by the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism were structurally characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) attached proton test (APT) and mass spectrometry. Their photophysical properties were systematically studied by UV-absorption and fluorescence emission. Some photophysical parameters were obtained by semi-empirical PM3 and ZINDO methods, and related to experimental photophysical data. Changes in the absorption and fluorescence emission spectra as well as conformational equilibrium between different species were investigated in solvents of different polarities and under different pH conditions. These benzazole dyes emit dual fluorescence emission in the blue-orange region with a Stokes shift between 2617-12337 cm-1. In general, these dyes are potentially interesting for studies of biological systems in an aqueous environment due to the presence of groups that increase aqueous solubility and reactivity with biomolecules. The present dyes were successfully used as new probes by means of direct staining of larvae. The obtained results indicate that these fluorescent dyes permit a quick, easy and selective visualization of larvae.

RESUMO: Este estudo discute as causas de morte de aves registradas em um pequeno criadouro de umas poucas espécies de aves silvestres exóticas. As mortes de 28 aves foram examinadas em um período de cinco anos. Cerca de 40% dos casos ocorreram na primeira semana de vida de filhotes das duas espécies mais numerosas no plantel e essas perdas foram consequentes à desnutrição por falhas no manejo nutricional. Outros 28% de casos ocorreram em aves, recentemente introduzidas, ou em fase de adaptação, no criadouro. Ainda que as aves do plantel sejam frequentemente dosificadas com anti-helmínticos, 21% das mortes no plantel foram secundárias a doenças parasitárias; a maioria afetou aves recentemente adquiridas. Exceto por três mortes que foram associadas com desordens atribuídas à idade avançada, todas as demais foram associadas com inadequações no manejo das aves. Esses resultados sugerem que, em sistemas dessa natureza, as aves recém-nascidas e as recém-introduzidas são categorias críticas que demandam concentração de esforços para o atendimento sistemático de suas necessidades. Tais dados podem ser aplicáveis em iniciativas de conservação de outras espécies e podem justificar, ainda que parcialmente, a manutenção desses animais, em cativeiro.

ABSTRACT: This study discusses the causes of bird deaths recorded in a small aviary dedicated to the breeding of a few exotic, wild bird species. Findings from 28 birds were examined over a period of five years. About 40% of the deaths occurred in the first two weeks after hatching in the two most numerous species in the flock and such losses were mainly a result of starvation caused by inadequate nutritional management. Additionally, 28% of the cases affected recently introduced birds. Despite frequent treatment with anthelmintics; a total of 21% of the deaths in the flock could be attributed to parasitic diseases, most of them in recently acquired birds. Only three of the deaths could be associated with advanced age, all of the further cases were also attributable to management fails. Our results indicated that propagation of these and other species requires an improvement of the management of the newly hatched and newcomer birds to considerably enhance the flock’s performance. Such information may be useful in conservation initiatives and may justify, at least in part, captivity of these animals.

SUMMARY Giardia duodenalis is an enteric parasite that has distinct genetic groups. Human infections are mainly caused by assemblages A and B, although sporadic infections by assemblages C and D have also been reported. Animals can be infected by a wide range of assemblages (A to H). The aim of this study is to identify the assemblages and sub-assemblages of G. duodenalis with zoonotic features in fecal samples of school-aged children, and in dogs that coexist in the same households in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fecal samples of 91 children and 108 dogs were obtained and G. duodenalis cysts were detected in samples from 11 (12.08%) children and 10 (9.25%) dogs. DNA extracted from the 21 positive samples was analyzed by PCR-RFLP, using the gdh gene. Results showed the presence of sub-assemblages AI (2/11), AII (4/11), BIII (2/11), and BIV(3/11) among children and AI (5/10) and BIV(3/10) in dogs, with zoonotic characteristics, and the carnivore specific assemblage C (2/10). G. duodenalis was found to infect both children and dogs living in the same household, with the same sub-assemblage (BIV) indicating that pet dogs are a potential risk of transmission of G. duodenalis to humans.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar diferentes roles de profesor supervisor según modelos distintos y destacar la importancia de diálogos colaborativos con apoyo de grabaciones de video. Para lograrlo, se muestran resultados de un estudio cualitativo desarrollado en un curso de formación de profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera en Brasil. Los resultados indicaron que la supervisión colaborativa fue eficiente frente a la adversidad de contextos educativos. Se concluyó que los estudiantes-profesores que observaron sus acciones pedagógicas a través de videos se volvieron más reflexivos y lograron autoevaluarse, ya que hacían un profundo análisis de su práctica. Con supervisión colaborativa, se alienta a futuros profesores a reconocer y comprender las complejidades de la enseñanza y aprendizaje local y globalmente.

The main objective of this paper is to briefly present roles of different teacher supervisors according to distinct models, highlighting the importance of collaborative dialogues supported by video recordings. This paper will present results from a qualitative study of an English as a foreign language teacher education course in Brazil. The results indicated that collaborative supervision was an efficient tool to address adversities within educational contexts and that student teachers who observed their pedagogical actions through videos became more reflective and self-evaluative, as they provided a deeper analysis regarding their practice. With collaborative supervision, teacher candidates can be encouraged to recognize and understand the complexities of language learning and teaching both locally and globally.

INTRODUCTION : Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is transmitted by the ingestion of contaminated water and foods, by soil contaminated with cat feces, especially while handling it, and congenitally via the placenta. The diagnosis of maternal infection is made by serological detection of either IgM or IgG antibodies. This study assessed the seropositivity in pregnant women followed up by the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: The study was performed in 19 FHS units and included 148 childbearing women. The outcomes evaluated were IgM and IgG seropositivity and behavioral variables. RESULTS: IgG yielded positive results in 16% of the pregnant women, whereas IgM was positive in only 1%. CONCLUSIONS: The 1% IgM positivity rate for T. gondii indicates congenital toxoplasmosis is not common in Lages.

Este artigo procede a uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa de fotografias “jornalísticas” publicadas na imprensa escrita diária em Kolkata no Estado de West Bengal, Índia. Pretende examinar as representações massificadamente mediatizadas dos corpos de sujeitos adultos, com vista à identificação das estratégias de construção de modelos de ordenamento social e de adscrição identitária que, em última instância, se refletem na constituição/reprodução da cultura dominante bengali. Tomando como ponto de partida o exame das imagens fotográficas publicadas, procede-se à sua triangulação com imagens produzidas por outros mediadores representacionais, obtidas em contexto de trabalho de campo nesta região.

This article presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of “journalistic” photographs in the daily press of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It seeks to examine the representations of the bodies of adult subjects in the mass media in order to identify the strategies used in the construction of models of social order and of identity. These are correspondingly in the constitution/reproduction of dominant Bengali culture. Taking as the starting point the examination of the photographic images published in the daily press, we proceed to triangulate them with images produced by other representational mediators that were collected during fieldwork in the region.

Considerando o discurso político-educacional como meio de manifestação de poder, este artigo tem como objetivo propor reflexões acerca da relação poder-saber em documentos educacionais de diferentes esferas governamentais, nos quais se apresentam eventuais formas de resistência. Para verificar como se dá essa relação, serão analisadas as Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio: Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias, documento elaborado pela Secretaria de Educação Básica (SEB) e a Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo: Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês, da Secretaria da Educação de São Paulo (SEE), publicadas em 2006 e 2008, respectivamente. Para tanto, o arcabouço teórico será embasado em conceitos sobre a relação poder-saber, formas de resistência e regimes de verdade amplamente discutidos por Foucault (1971, 2008), Pêcheux (1990), Mascia (2002), Bertoldo (2003), Coracini (2003), Gregolin (2004), Orlandi (2006), Veiga-Neto (2007), Possenti (2007) e Amarante (2009). Por meio da análise desses documentos, notou-se a presença de traços argumentativos que contribuem para o estabelecimento de um regime de verdade, perpassado por relações de poder-saber. Além disso, os resultados obtidos apontam para polêmicas existentes entre as Orientações Curriculares Nacionais e a Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo no que concerne aos pressupostos teóricos e orientações práticas para o ensino e aprendizagem de línguas.

Considering political-educational discourse as a context for power manifestation, this study goal explores the power-knowledge relationship in official educational documents in different government instances where forms of resistance can be spotted. To verify how this relationship is established, two specific curricular documents are analyzed: Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio: Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias (2006), the official curriculum orientations issued by the Basic Education Department (Secretaria de Educação Básica - SEB), and Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo: Língua Estrangeira Moderna-Inglês (2008), the official curriculum proposal issued by the Department of Education of São Paulo State (Secretaria da Educação de São Paulo - SEE). This study theoretical framework deals with the following concepts: power-knowledge relations, forms of resistance, and truth regimes largely discussed by Foucault (1971, 2008), Pêcheux (1990), Mascia (2002), Bertoldo (2003), Coracini (2003), Gregolin (2004), Orlandi (2006), Veiga-Neto (2007), Possenti (2007), and Amarante (2009). The analysis of the documents reveals some of their argumentative traces that contribute to the establishment of a truth regime influenced by power-knowledge relations. Moreover, results point out conflicting issues between the Curriculum Orientations and the Curriculum Proposal concerning theoretical presuppositions and practical guidelines to language teaching and learning.

Um estudo de caso-controle em leitegadas de um a sete dias de idade foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar os principais agentes infecciosos envolvidos na diarreia neonatal de leitões. As amostras de fezes (n=276) foram coletadas em granjas de suínos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, no período de maio a setembro de 2007. Leitegadas com diarreia foram consideradas casos (n=147) e leitegadas normais, controles (n=129). As amostras foram examinadas através do teste de aglutinação em látex, PAGE, cultivo, ELISA, PCR e métodos microscópicos para a excreção dos principais agentes de diarreia: virais (rotavirus), bacterianos (Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens tipos A e tipo C e Clostridium difficile) e parasitários (coccídeos e Cryptosporidium spp.). Durante o período do estudo não foram observados surtos e a diarréia, quando presente, apresentou-se leve. Pelo menos um agente foi identificado nas amostras fecais de 25 entre 28 granjas (89,3%) analisadas e em 16 granjas (57,1%) mais de um agente foi detectado. Os principais agentes encontrados nas granjas foram coccídeos (42,86%) e rotavírus (39,29%). Os principais agentes detectados nas leitegadas com diarreia foram Clostridium difficile (10,6%), Clostridium perfringens tipo A (8,8%) e rotavírus (7,5%). Por outro lado, nas leitegadas controle os agentes mais prevalentes foram Clostridium difficile (16,6%) e coccídeos (8,5%). E. coli Beta hemolítica e Clostridium perfringens tipo C não foram detectados. O presente estudo de caso-controle demonstrou que nenhum agente infeccioso esteve associado significativamente com diarreia (p>0.05). Esses achados reforçam a necessidade de que haja cuidado na interpretação de resultados de exames laboratoriais em materiais coletados de leitões com diarreia neonatal leve, pois a detecção isolada de um agente infeccioso não indica necessariamente que o mesmo seja a causa do problema.

A case-control study was carried out in litters of 1 to 7-day-old piglets to identify the main infectious agents involved with neonatal diarrhea in pigs. Fecal samples (n=276) from piglets were collected on pig farms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from May to September 2007. Litters with diarrhea were considered cases (n=129) and normal litters (n=147) controls. The samples were examined by latex agglutination test, PAGE, conventional isolating techniques, ELISA, PCR, and microscopic methods in order to detect rotavirus, bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens type A and C, and Clostridium difficile), and parasites (Coccidian and Cryptosporidium spp.). Outbreaks of diarrhea were not observed during sampling. At least one agent was detected in fecal samples on 25 out of 28 farms (89.3%) and in 16 farms (57.1%) more than one agent was found. The main agents diagnosed were Coccidia (42.86%) and rotavirus (39.29%). The main agents identified in litters with diarrhea were Clostridium difficile (10.6%), Clostridium perfringens type A (8.8%) and rotavirus (7.5%); in control litters, Clostridium difficile (16.6%) and Coccidian (8.5%). Beta hemolytic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens type C were not detected. When compared with controls, no agent was significantly associated with diarrhea in case litters. These findings stress the need for caution in the interpretation of laboratorial diagnosis of mild diarrhea in neonatal pigs, as the sole detection of an agent does not necessarily indicate that it is the cause of the problem.

Este artigo pretende analisar os modos de desempenho das narrativas de viagem sobre a Índia, os significados que traduzem e transportam e o seu impacte ao nível das percepções e práticas discursivas no encontro do turismo internacional em Kolkata (capital do estado de West Bengal, Índia). Através da abordagem do estilo de narrativa verbal utilizado pelos turistas “ocidentais” que contactei nesta cidade entre 2004 e 2007, foi revelada uma característica transversal aos seus relatos: a tentativa de aproximação às técnicas estilísticas do género literário indexado às narrativas de viagem, fazendo recurso de réplicas de estilo, termos, conteúdos manifestos e significados, de forma cumulativa.

In this article, I intend to examine the ways in which travel accounts about India perform, the meanings they carry and translate, and their impact at the level of perceptions and discursive practices in the international tourism encounter in Kolkata (the capital of the state of West Bengal, India). The scrutiny of the style of narratives used by the Western tourists, approached in this city during 2004-2007, revealed a characteristic, transversal to most of the accounts, which is the attempt towards the reproduction of stylistic techniques of the travel literature genre by using replicas of style, terms, manifested contents and meanings, in a cumulative way.

Com o objetivo de contribuir com dados sobre freqüência de anticorpos para Toxoplasma em felinos domiciliados da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, soros de 245 animais foram testados pelas técnicas sorológicas de Hemaglutinação Indireta (HAI) e Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI). Informações sobre o animal, tais como raça, sexo, idade, acesso ou não à rua e tipo de alimentação, foram avaliadas por meio de questionário epidemiológico e análise estatística para correlacionar com os resultados obtidos na sorologia. Os resultados dos testes mostraram que os valores encontrados foram de 26,9% (HAI) e 37,9% (IFI), inferindo que esses gatos em algum momento de sua vida foram fonte de contaminação ambiental, sendo eliminadores potenciais de oocistos, principalmente aqueles que tiveram livre acesso à rua.

The sera of 245 cats from Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, were tested by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in order to determine the frequency of Toxoplasma antibodies. Information such as breed, sex, age and access or not to the street and dietary habits were assessed using an epidemiological questionnaire and also statistical analysis for correlation with the serological results obtained. The test results showed rates of 26,9 and 37,9% for IHA and IIF, respectively, suggesting that these cats have acted as a source of environmental contamination at some time during the course of their lifetime, possibly shedding oocysts, especially those with free access to the street.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in common rhea (Rhea americana) living in captivity in the zoological park of the Zoobotanical Foundation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in fecal smears of common rhea and in water samples by using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. The morphometric analysis of coccidia revealed small spherical oocysts, measuring, on average, 4.91 [im x 4.91 fim, and a length/width ratio of 1. The detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in fecal and water samples is important as it can indicate the transmission and maintenance of cryptosporidiosis in susceptible hosts. This is the first report of Cryptosporidium spp. in R. americana in Brazil.

Este estudo objetivou avahar a ocorrência de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em emas (Rhea americana) cativas no Parque Zoológico da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Foram identificados oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em esfregaços de fezes de emas e em amostras de agua, coradas pela técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada. A análise morfométrica dos coccídeos revelou pequeños oocistos esféricos medindo, em media, 4,91 um X 4,91 \im e relação comprimento/largura de razão 1. A confirmação da prêsera de oocistos ñas amostras de fezes e de agua é relevante pelo potencial de transmissão e manutenção da criptosporidiose em hospedeiros susceptíveis. Este é o primeiro relato de Cryptosporidium spp. em R. americana no Brasil.

Chinchilla lanígera is a rodent native to Chile which is bred for commercial purposes. Parasitic diseases, mainly giardiasis, may cause clinical and sanitary problems and lead to production and economic losses. Fecal samples were collected from 220 chinchillas pertaining to a commercial breeding facility in southern Brazil and from 35 chinchillas from Las Chinchillas National Reserve in Chile. All samples were analyzed using the method proposed by Faust et al. Positive samples for Giardia cysts amounted to 31.37% (80/255); 36.36% (80/220) was recovered from the commercial breeding facility. The rate of samples with over 5 cysts/field was equivalent to 4.55% (10/220). All of the samples collected from the National Reserve were negative for Giardia sp. No association was found between positive rates for Giardia sp. and the age of chinchillas.

Chinchilla lanígera é um roedor proveniente do Chile e sua criação é com fins comerciáis. As doencas parasitarias, principalmente giardíase podem causar problemas clínicos e sanitarios, causando perdas produtivas e económicas. Foram colhidas amostras de fezes de 220 chinchilas de urna criação comercial no sul do Brasil e 35 amostras de chinchilas da Reserva Nacional las Chinchillas no Chile, e submetidas ão método de Faust e colaboradores. O total de amostras positivas para cistos de Giardia sp. foi de 31,37%(80/255); da criação comercial foi de 36,36%(80/220). O número de amostras que apresentaram mais de 5 cistos/campo foi 4,55%(10/220). Todas as amostras dos animáis da Reserva foram negativas. Não houve associação entre a positividade e a faixa etária dos animáis analisados.

The prevalence of ectoparasites and endoparasites was studied in 5 8free-living pigeons (Columba livia) in urban areas of Lages, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The pigeons were visually inspected and fecal and blood samples were collected to determine the presence of ectoparasites. The serological diagnosis was established through the use of blood smears stained with Quick Panoptic and Giemsa methods. The fecal samples were analyzed using Sheather 's method. The Quick Panoptic andGiemsa methods detected 67.24% (39/58) and46.55% (27/58) ofHaemoproteussp, respectively. The prevalence rate amounted to 57% of 116 smears analyzed (P value=0.0387; odds ratio = 2.357 with a 95% confidence interval). The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 74.14% (43/58). Protozoa (100% for Eimeria sp.) were detected in 86.05% of the cases and nematodes (Ascaridia sp. and Capillaria sp.) in 32.56%, whereas 20.93% of the pigeons were infected by multiple parasites. The fly Pseudolynchia canariensis was found beneath the feathers of all pigeons. This is the first report of parasites in C. livia in the state of Santa Catarina.

A prevaléncia de ecto e endoparasitos de 58 pombos (Columba livia) de vida livre foi estudada em áreas urbanas de Lages, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os pombos foram submetidos ao exame visual para a coleta e identificação de ectoparasites, coletas de fezes e sangue. O diagnóstico hemoparasitológico foi através de esfregacos sanguíneos corados pelas técnicas de Panótico Rápido e Giemsa. As fezes foram processadas pelo método de Sheather. Entre os hemoparasitos destacou-se o Haemoproteus sp., com 67,24% (39/58) para a técnica de Panótico Rápido e 46,55% (27/58) para a técnica de Giemsa. Dos 116 esfregaços analisados, a prevalência foi de 57% (P = 0,0387; Odds Ratio = 2,357 e Intervalo de Confiaça de 95%). A prevalência de parásitos gastrintestinais foi de 74,14% (43/58) com 86,05% para protozoários (100% para Eimeria sp.), 32,56% para nematódeos (Ascaridia sp. e Capillaria sp.) e 20,93% multiparasitados. A presença da mosca Pseudolynchia canarienses foi observada entre as penas de todas as aves. Este é o primeiro registro destes parásitos em C. livia no estado de Santa Catarina.